Calculating-machine.



No. 637,|67. Patented Nov. I4, |899.

G. & R. SCHWARZ.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

(Application ied Fab. 18, 1899.)

2 Sheets-Sheet (No Model.)

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N0. 637,|67. Patented Nov. [4, |899. G. R. SCHWARZ.

CALCULATING MACHINE.

(Application filed Feb. 18, 1899.) (No Model.) 2 Sheets-wget 2.

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UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GUSTAV SOIIVARZ AND RUDOLF SCHWARZ, OF VIENNA, AUSTRIA- HUNGARY.

CALCULATiNG-IVIACHNE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 637,167, dated November14, 1899.

Application lecl February 1S, 1899. Serial No. 706,041. (No model.)

To all whom it' may concern.-

Be it known that we, GUSTAV SCHWARZ and RUDOLF SCHWARZ, subjects of theEmperor of Austria-Hungary, residing at Vienna, in the Province of LowerAustria and Empire ot1 AustI-ia-IIungary, have invented a new and usefulCalculating-Machine with Distant Total or Difference Indicator, of whichthe following is a specification.

Our invention relates to that class of ma-A chines for adding numberstogether or for subtracting one number from another in which atype-writer adapted to print the numbers is combined with acomputing-machine or subtractingmachine, the succession of the figures l2 i i* 8 9 0 being reversed upon the registering-disks of this latter.

The invention has for its object to provide means for the total ordifference to be indicated on a place distant from that where thetype-writer is operated.

According to our invention the adding or subtracting machine is soconstructed and arranged that on a key of the type-writer,whichcomprises ten keys, corresponding to the numerals Ol 2 *i ii i i 8 9,being operated as many successive closings and openings of an electriccircuit take place as there are units contained in the numbercorresponding tothe key. The said electric circuit contains, besides thesource of electric current, as many electromagnets, arranged in multiplearc, as the sum is to comprise places, the said electromagnets beingarranged in the locality Where the sum or difference is to be indicatedand provisions being made for completing the electric circuit by theshunt containing the required electromagnet every time the typewriterisdisplaced, according to the local value of a figure, while the othershunts remain cut out.

The attraction of an armature has Jfor its effect that a disk along theedge of which the figures 0 to 9 are marked is turned the ratecorresponding to one ligure. ln order to cause, when a numeral-diskpasses from the indication 9 to O the disk correspond ing to the nexthigher place to be turned one numeral, a normally-interrupted electriccounection runs from each shunt to the shunt containing theeleetromagnet which corresponds to the next higher place, and while thenumeral-disk corresponding` to the lower place passes from 9 to 0 arevolving circuit-maker strikes a springterminal, and thereby closes thesaid electric connection.

In order to make our invention fully understood, we shall hereinafterdescribe the same in detail, with reference to the annexed two sheets ofdrawings, iu which- Figure l is a side elevation, and Fig. 2 a top view,of the type-writer and the device for displacing it, according to thelocal value of a figure to be printed. Fig. 3 is a sectional elevationon line 3 3, Fig. l, showing the mechanism by which the circuit isclosed while a numeral is being' printed. Fig. is a top view of thesliding contact-piece closing the shunt of the electromagnet concernedevery time the type-writer is shifted. FiO. 5 illustrates how the framecarrying the typewriter is clamped upon a book for use. Fig. 6 is afront elevation, and Fig. 7 a sectional side elevation, online 7 '7,Fig. 6, respectively, of numeral-disks, the weight-motors adapted todrive them, and the electromagnets which by means of theirarmature-levers stop the said motors. Figs. 8 and 9 show diagrams of thecircuit connections in the two cases of the battery being inserted as awhole into the main line or being inserted by portions into the shunts.

It will be seen from Fig. 5 that the rectanguiar frame a a a' a can beclamped upon the book b, into which the numbers are to be entered. Forthis purpose screws a2, which are journaled in the base-plate a3, engagetapped holes of the cross-bars a' a of the frame. A carriage c isadapted to be slid along the longitudinal bars a tof the frame, the saidcarriage having secured to one of its lateral slide-bars a spring c,which carries a half-globular knob c2. The said knob takes into recessesa4, formed in the adjacent bar a, with intervals corresponding to theinterlinear spaces. Upon the said carriage c another carriage c3 ismovable in transverse direction, this carriage c3 having secured to itthe pivot c*l and the circular rail c5 for the cir; cular type-writer.The carriage c3, supporting the type-writer, is made movable in thetransverse direction in order to provide for IOO the displacement of thetype-writer according to 'the local value of the figure to be printed.The displacement-s are performed by the pinion c, mounted upon thelongitudinally-movable carriage c and gearing with a rack c7,sc1ewed tothe transversely-movable carriage o3. The pinion 00 is driven by thetoothed sector cs, having` its pivot cf) secured to an extension of thelongitudiually-sliding carriage c. Beyond the pivot c9 a lever-arm ciois rigidly connected with the toothed sector C8, and a coiled spring c11has one end fixed to the said lever-arm c10 and the other end to alaterally-projecting arm cl2, screwed to the carriage c. The stop-pinscl3, which may be lowered by pressing down the corresponding keys 014,keep the lever-arm c10 in its position against the pull of the springcell. When the cross-carriage c3, and consequently the lever-arm cotoo,are in their extreme lefthand positions, figures of the highest localvalue maybe entered. As soon as the gure is printed the iii-st of thekeys c1'l is pressed down, whereby the first stop-pin c1S is lowered,and the spring c11 is permitted to pull the arm C10 over the saidstop-pin to the next stop-pin. The toothed sector o8 and the pinion cGand rack cT transmit this movement to the crosscarriage c3, carrying thetype-writer. .Vhen all parts have arrived in the positions correspondingto the entering of units, one may seize the knob or handle 015 of thearm el in order to push the said arm over the sloped ends of thestop-pins c1S into the position corresponding to the entering of thenext numeral. In consequence of this displacement of the arm 010 thespring c is put in tension.

The annular type-writer is carried by the circular plate d, looselymounted on the pivot c4 and having secured to it, by means of thestandards CZ', a ring d2, in which guide-holes forthe plungerscarryingthetypes are formed. To the lower surface of the plate d aresecured brackets for the rollers d3,running upon the rail c5. rihetype-plungers d* are guided in square holes of the base-plate d and ofthe ring d2, the coiled springs d5 keeping the said plungers raised andstop-rollers d@ being pivoted to the inner faces of the plungers. On aplunger being pressed down, its stop-roller d comes to bear upon theouter marginal portion of the rail c5, and when the whole typewriter isthen by means of the lowered plunger turned to the left or to the rightthe type first passes over either of two hiking-rollers d'7, fastened tothe rail c5 by means of springs. Afterward the stop-roller d drops intothe recess c16 of the rail c5, whereby the inked type is pressed uponthe paper.

It has been stated hereinbefore that the plunger d4 while being loweredmust cause as many successive closings and breakings of an electriccircuit as there are units in the numeral printed by the said plunger.To this effect all plungers except that carrying the cipher-type areprovided with outwardly-projecting ribs d8 of different heights. Thesaid projecting ribs or tappets carry along, against the pull of springsf f, the one plate-shaped arm f of an angular lever, the other arm ofwhich is formed byatoothed sectorf2. According to the height of the ribor tappet d8, the lever-arm f is moved downward a greater or smallerdistance. During this movement the toothed sector f2 rotates thepinionf3, loosely mounted to its shaft and carrying upon its boss theratchet-wheel fl at one side, and the star-shaped contact-wheel f5,provided with nine points, at the other side. Vhile this rotary movementtakes pla-ce, the springs ff are putin tension, and the ratchet-wheel]C4freely passes below the pawl g, pivoted to the toothed wheel g, which ismounted by the side of the ratchet-wheel. At the same time a givennumber of the points of the contact-wheel]c5 slide over the uppersurface of a contact-spring 7i, which upper surface is coated withinsulating material. Afterward the toothed sector f2 and the pinion f3turn in the opposite direction under the action of the springs ff,formerly put in tension, and the ratchet-wheel f4 carries along the pawlg,

pivoted to the toothed wheel g', whereby this latter is rotated. Ittransmits the movement to the pinion g2, the shaft of which also carriesthe toothed wheel g3, and this latter is in gear with a pinion g5,mounted on the shaft of a revolving fan g4, checking the rate of speed.Owing to this arrangement the return movelnent takes place with apredetermined speed, moderated by the revolving fan g4, and during thisreturn movement with moderated speed the same number of points of thecontact-wheel rub along the conductive lower surface of the spring 7i,which may be connected by means of the switch-lever 72,' with one poleof a source of electricity, by preference of a battery. From the teethof the contact-wheel f5 the current flows into the carriage c andcross-carriage c3, to which a contact-spring j is secured. This latterbears against and rubs over a block 7,1, of insulating material,inserted into the carriage'c and having` as many conductivecontact-pieces 7c' 7a2, embedded into it as the members to be added maycontain places. Then the type-writer is displaced according to the localvalue of the figure to be entered, the contact-springj also passes fromone of the contact-blocks 7.3 k2 to another. From the contact blocks orterminals k' 7a2, run as many shunts l 2 as there are contact-blocks,and at the place where the sum or difference for the time being is to beindicated an electromagnet I II III is inserted into every shunt. beyondthe electromagnets the shunts may imite again and the conducting-wiremay lead to the other pole of the source of current, as shown in Fig.8.IIowever, there may also be separate sources of electric currentinserted into every shunt, as illustrated in the diagram Fig. 9.

In front of each electromagnet there is mounted upon a shaft a numeral-disk m, having its cylindric face divided into ten squares,

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eerie? 3 (marked with theigures l 2 t i* i i 9 0) By the train of wheelsm m2 m3 m4 m5 on the shaft of the nu meral-disk m is transmittinglyconnected with the shaft of the cord-drum m7. The said cord-drum isloosely mounted upon its shaft, and one of its end sheaves has securedto it a ratchet-wheel ms, to which corresponds a pawl/m9, pivoted to thetoothed wheel m6. For the purpose of winding the cord p, from which theweightp is suspended, up the hollow trnnnion of the drum m7 has securedto it a bevel-wheel q, in gear with a bevelwheel q', secured to avertical shaft q2, which is provided with a crank and handle Q3.

The armature-lever r, upon which the spring reXerts its pressure in sucha direction as to tend to keep the armature r2 raised while theelectromagnet is not excited, is movable around the pivot-pin r3. Theother arm of the armature-lever has its free end made up into anescapement-anchor r4, similar to that used in the escapements of clocks.The said escapement-anchora14 takes into a ten-toothed pinion 115, fixedto the shaft of the numeraldisk m, and thereby keeps the train of wheelsof the weight-motor locked while the armature Wis not attracted. lVhenthe armature is attracted, the one tooth of the escapementanchor r4 iswithdrawn from the pinion T5, and at the same time the other tooth takesinto the next interstice between two teeth of the pinion, whereby theshaft of the nu meral-disk is allowed to make one-tenth of a revolution.

Every time a numeral-disk m passes to the indication 0 or beyond thisindication itis necessary that also the numeral-disk corresponding tothe next higher place should be turned to the next higher figure. Incases when the indicated sum passes from 99 to 100 or from 900 to 1,000three or four numeraldisks must be turned simultaneously. To this effectevery one of the shunts l 2 3 is provided with a conductive connectiona" x2 ac3, respectively, to the shunt comprising the electromagnet whichcorresponds to the next higher place, the said conductive connectionsbeing interrupted at one point. For closing the interruption of any ofthe conductive connections a," x2 :r3 inthe moment when a numeral-diskindicates 0 the shaft of the numeral-disk m also carries a contactarm n,to which corresponds a contact-spring n. The said arm n andcontact-springn' are inserted into the electrical connections fr Q52 @c3in the manner shown by Figs. and 9.

It will be readily understood thatit depends on the succession in whichthe numerals are caused to appear behind the holes of the box containingthe disks-t'. e on the fact whether this succession is l 2 3 l t *i i f)07 or 9 8 i il: *i i 3 2 1-whether the machine will act as an addingorsubtracting machine. In order to enable one and the same machine to beused for both purposes,we provide two sets of nnmeral-disks. \Vhen thesu m or difference indicated is also to be enteredinto the book by meansof the type-writer, the circuit is iirst broken by means of theswitch-lever h.

The operation of the machine is as follows: First, the frame a' CL2 a3is clamped upon the book into which the numbers are to be entered insuch a position that the circular typewriter when brought into itsextreme righthand position has its recess om placed over theunits-column oi' the book. As already explained, the type-writer isshifted from the lett to the right by operating the keys c, by which thecorresponding stop-pins C13 are lowered, and so the lever om ispermitted to be drawn to the right by the coiled spring ou, the movementof the lever cw being transmitted, by means of the toothed sector CS,pinion c6, and rack c7, to the sliding` carriage c3, upon which thetype-writer is mounted. By seizing the carriage c with both hands andpushing it 'forward or pulling it backward along the bars d ce thetype-writer is also adjusted over the line where the first number is tobe printed. The knob c2 of the spring c', shooting in to one of theholes d4, sufficiently locks the carriage c in its position. As soon asthe type-writer is thus adjusted upon the book the lever h is turned tothe left to close the gap ol the electric circuit, and therebythemachine is made ready for operation. Then the contact-spring bears uponthe contact-block 7J, which is the terminal of the shunt-line containing'the electromagnet I, adapted to actnate the units-computer, andconsequently this electromagnet will be energized when the electriccircuit is completed by means of the type-writer, as already explained.Let it now be assumed that the adding-disks are mounted to thecomputers, that these latter indicate the number 5,736, and that theamount 8,715 is tc be added. The'operator seizes the plunger market 5,presses it downward till its roller d bears upon the circular rail c5,and by means of the seized plunger turns the type-writer to the right orto the left till the roller d6 drops into the recess o16. Thereby thetype at the bottom end ot the plunger which has been carried over eitherof the inking-rollers dT is pressed against the paper of the book andthe ligure 5 is printed in the units-column. hile the 5 plunger islowering, its rib (ZS carries along the plate-shaped arm f ot theleverf'f2 a distance corresponding to the height of the said rib ds,thereby putting the coiled springs f in tension. The other arm f2 of thelever j" f2, in the shape of a toothed sector, causes the loosepinionfg, with which it meshes,to turn one hundred and eighty degrees,whereby five teeth or points of the ten-pointed contact-wheel f5,secured to x the nave of the loose pinion, are caused successively tostrike the layer of insulating material upon the upper surface of thecontactspring 7L. At the same time the ratchet-wheel f4, likewisesecured to the nave of the loose pinion f3, glides 'freely under thepawl g.

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carnet? As soon as the plunger is released its coiled spring d5 throwsit upward, whereby the springs ffare allowed to return the leverf f2into its former position. The returning toothed sector f2 again drivestheloose pinion f3 one hundred and eighty degrees, but in the oppositedirection, whereby the tive points of the ten-pointed contact-wheel arecaused to strike the metallic lower surface of the spring 7L, and theelectric circuit is closed and broken five times. At the same time theratchet-wheel f4 drives, by means of the pawl f5, the wheel g', to whichthe pawl is pivoted, and the wheel g transmits the movement, by means ofthe wheels g2 g3 g, to the fan g4, which moderates the rapidity ofsuccession of the makings and breakings of the electric circuit. Everytime the circuit is closed the electromagnet I attracts its armaturefr?, and as soon as the circuit is broken again the spring fr' moves thearmature-lever fr in the opposite direction. At each such doubleoscillation of the armature-lever /r the escapement-anchor r4, integralwith the said lever, permits the ten-toothed wheel 'T5 to turn, underthe action of the weight fp', one tooth-that is to say, a tenth of arevolution-so that the numeral-disk m, iiXed to the shaft ofthetentoothed wheel 015, which originally presented the numeral 6 behindthe window of the box, will successively present ,7, S, 9, O, and 1.While the numeral-disk passes from the position 9 to the position O, thecontact-arm n, which is secured to the shaft of the nu meral-disk andconductively connected with the shunt l, strikes the contactspring n',which is in electric connection with the shunt Thereby the electromagnetIl is energized and the tens-disk is caused to turn one iigure-viz.,from3 to t The units having thus been added the operator seizes thethumb-piece c15 of the lever 010 and pushes s the lever to the left,over the second one of the chamfered pins cl3. Thereby the carriage o3,carrying the type-writer, is also moved to the left such an extent thatthe recess o16 is placed over the tens-column of the book and that thespringjl is caused to bear upon the contactblock k2, corresponding` tothe shunt 2. Now as there is one ten to be added the operator seizes theplunger marked l, depresses it, and pushes it forward, whenvit willprint the tigure l into the tens-column of the book and by its rib d8cause one completion of the circuit comprising the shunt 2. Thus thetens-computer disk m is advanced from a to 5 bythe electromagnet Il,controlling the escapement of the computers weight-motor. In ananalogous manner the type-writer is afterward shifted over thehundreds-column of the book, and the plunger market 7 7 is pressed downand pushed forward in order to add seven hundreds to the seven hundredsalready indicated. lVhile the numeral-disk of the hundreds-computerpasses from the indication 9 to O, the contact-arm n, carried by theshaft of the disk, rubs over its corresponding contact-spring n', andthereby closes and breaks the shunt containing the electromagnet IV,this having for its effect that the thousands numeral -disk advancesfrom 5 to G. From what has been said the procedure for adding the eightthousands will be obvious.

It will be readily understood that one is not bound iirst to add units,afterward tens, fue., but may at pleasure begin adding at any place.

For subtractin g the numeraldisks provided for this purpose areinserted, and by entering the subtrahend into the book in the mannerdescribed the minuend indicated by the numeral disks is diminished bythat amount.

What we claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patentof the UnitedStates, is-

l. In an adding and subtracting machine with distant total or diiierenceindicator, the combination with a circular revoluble typewritercomprising ten spring-plungers, adapted to print the types 0, I ii i: i*i *i :l: 8, 9, of a source of electricity, a contact-spring connectedto one pole ot the current-generator and having it-s upper surfacecovered with in- A sulating material,a ten-pointed contact-wheelconnected to the other pole of the generator and adapted to strike thecontact-spring with its points, a longitudinal rib formed on eachtype-plun ger except the cipher one, the ribs being of lengths which areto one another as l: 2: 8: 9, according to the numerals to be printed bythe plungers, a lever adapted to be pressed downward by the rib of alowering type-plunger, a transmitting connection between the lever andthe tenpointed contact-wheel, springs adapted to be put in tension bythe lowering-lever, a fan for checking motion, and a ratchet mechanismadaptcd to drive the fan while the lever is returned by the reaction ofthe springs, substantially as and for the purpose described.

2. In an adding and subtracting machine with distant total or differenceindicator, the combination with a frame, adapted to be clamped upon abook, of a carriage adapted to slide along the said frame, a carriageadapted to slide upon the former carriage in transverse direction,acircular rail mounted upon the upper carriage, the said rail having arecess in its marginal portion in front ofthe carriage, a pivot arrangedin the center of the rail, a plate adapted to turn around this pivot,ten spring-plungers movable in holes of the plate and carrying the typesO,1,i`2 i 9, and rollers pivoted to the plungers and adapted to roll onthe rail and drop through the recess of the same, substantially as andfor the purpose described.

In witness whereof we have signed this specification in presence of twowitnesses.

GUSTAV SCHWARZ. RUDOLF SCHWARZ.

lVitnesses:

ALvEsTo S. Hocus, Vinson KERPL.

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